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　　本報(bào)訊（通訊員尹燕芳）中國與荷蘭現(xiàn)代設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)術(shù)研討會(huì)于2003年10月27日在中國農(nóng)科院農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境與可持續(xù)發(fā)展研究所召開，會(huì)議由環(huán)發(fā)所和瓦赫寧根大學(xué)雙方共同組織，來自中國農(nóng)科院環(huán)發(fā)所、蔬菜所、中國農(nóng)大、農(nóng)業(yè)部農(nóng)工設(shè)計(jì)院等部門的設(shè)施園藝專家和來自荷蘭瓦赫寧根大學(xué)園藝科學(xué)系的學(xué)者教授及研究生共計(jì)60余人，圍繞現(xiàn)代設(shè)施園藝中新材料、新品種、節(jié)能技術(shù)、計(jì)算機(jī)控制、作物模型設(shè)計(jì)等關(guān)鍵技術(shù)問題進(jìn)行了深入探討。
　　共有14名中外學(xué)者在大會(huì)上進(jìn)行了學(xué)術(shù)報(bào)告。會(huì)議主要組織者我院環(huán)發(fā)所的孫忠富博士在大會(huì)發(fā)言中談到，隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)與經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，設(shè)施園藝生產(chǎn)在中國也得到了迅速發(fā)展，據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì)，總的種植面積已達(dá)210萬hm2，僅大型現(xiàn)代化溫室就以每年100-200 hm2的速度增長。從種植面積而言，中國已經(jīng)成為世界上最大的保護(hù)園藝生產(chǎn)國，但從整體來看，中國的設(shè)施園藝業(yè)要進(jìn)一步發(fā)展還存在著許多瓶頸問題亟待解決。其中關(guān)鍵的制約因素包括缺乏先進(jìn)的控制技術(shù)、整個(gè)生產(chǎn)過程中的先進(jìn)管理經(jīng)驗(yàn)、以及先進(jìn)的溫室設(shè)施等。這些弱點(diǎn)導(dǎo)致了園藝產(chǎn)品的產(chǎn)量和質(zhì)量的低下，另一方面也造成了環(huán)境和農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的嚴(yán)重污染。另外，關(guān)于設(shè)施園藝生產(chǎn)中的產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈結(jié)構(gòu)問題的研究，幾乎處于空白階段，也將制約我國設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)整體的發(fā)展。
　　隨著農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程的推進(jìn)，農(nóng)業(yè)模型越來越受到重視，被認(rèn)為是連接農(nóng)業(yè)與信息技術(shù)的橋梁和紐帶。一般在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中通常建立的作物模型是將作物的產(chǎn)量作為重點(diǎn)，但近年來，人們越來越關(guān)注產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量模型的建立，來自荷蘭瓦赫寧根大學(xué)的E.Heuvelink博士做了關(guān)于園藝作物產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量模型的學(xué)術(shù)報(bào)告，雖然這種模型研究仍處于發(fā)展初期，但這在園藝生產(chǎn)和供給鏈中具有特殊重要的意義。M. Costa博士介紹了荷蘭與整個(gè)歐洲溫室園藝目前的狀況和發(fā)展趨勢及技術(shù)要點(diǎn)，并指出，今后在溫室生產(chǎn)中“傾聽環(huán)境聲音的生產(chǎn)”將成為唯一可被接受的生產(chǎn)方式。為中方與會(huì)者全面深入了解歐洲乃至世界設(shè)施園藝的發(fā)展趨勢提供了豐富的信息,中方學(xué)者對此發(fā)生了極大的興趣。
　　期間瓦赫寧根大學(xué)的代表參觀了我院蔬菜所、環(huán)發(fā)所的溫室設(shè)施和重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，同時(shí)還參觀了北京地區(qū)錦繡大地、超大現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)集團(tuán)等農(nóng)業(yè)高科技園區(qū)、以及有關(guān)花卉蔬菜交易市場。通過交流和相互了解，中方與會(huì)者對以荷蘭為代表的歐洲發(fā)達(dá)的設(shè)施園藝技術(shù)，荷方對中國龐大的市場前景和具有中國特色的設(shè)施園藝生產(chǎn)技術(shù)均表示了強(qiáng)烈的興趣，并表達(dá)了進(jìn)一步進(jìn)行技術(shù)開發(fā)和科學(xué)研究的合作愿望。

　Sino-Dutch Workshop on Protected Agriculture Held in CAAS,October 28, 2003,Beijing

Sino-Dutch workshop on protected agriculture was held in 28 October 2003, Beijing, at the Institute of Agri. Environment and Sustainable Development (IAESD), Chinese Academy of Agri. Sciences (CAAS), co-sponsored by Horticultural Production Chains group(HPC), Wageningen University, Holland. About 60 Scholars and young graduate students attended the workshop from CAAS, China Agri. University (CAU), Chinese Academy of Agri. Engineering (CAAE) and Beijing Agri. Machinery Institute/Jing-Peng Greenhouse Engineering Company. Lots of themes related to protected horticultural production, such as new materials, new varieties, new energy saving technologies, IT application as well as crop modeling, and so forth, were deeply and widely discussed During the workshop.
14 speakers, 6 from the Netherlands and 8 from China, had given presentations during the workshop. Professor and Dr. Zhong-fu Sun, Chief sponsor of the workshop, had made a common remark on general situation of protected horticulture in China. He said with the rapid development of science and technology as well as economy, protected horticulture also expand quickly, approximately, it has reached 2.10 million hm2 in total cultivated areas, for instance, even modern greenhouses are increased at the rate of 100 to 200 hm2 each year. Now China has become a largest country in protected horticulture in the world. But as a whole, still there exist a lot of bottleneck problems unsolved that have been limiting further development of protected horticultural production, those limiting factors are recognized as comprehensive technology in environment control, advanced management for the whole production chain, as well as advanced devices equipped for greenhouses, and so forth. On the one hand, these weaknesses directly result in low yield and inferior quality of horticultural products, and on the other hand, making severe pollution both to environment and to crops simultaneously. In addition, exceeding energy consumption and abuse of chemical fertilizer, as well as pesticide usually happens from time to time resulting in high cost of the production as well as low price of the products. Especially, at present much more emphasis have been given only on single process than those on production chain, it obstructs normal development of protected horticulture as a whole.
With the promotion of modern agriculture, more and more attentions have been paid on agricultural models, which have been taken for bridge and linkage between agriculture and information technology. Usually, biomass production are kernel content in developing a crop model, but in recent years, scientists begin to pay attention on product quality in crop modeling. Dr. E. Heuvelink, coming from Wageningen University, made a presentation on modeling product quality. He said although this research is just at beginning, it is much significant to horticulture and production chains. Dr. M. Costa, also from Wagennigen University, made a speech on greenhouse horticulture in Europe, in his presentation basic situation and future development were focused, he said environmentally-sound production in greenhouse will be the only acceptable way of production, this viewpoint attracts much resonance from Chinese attendees.
During the period, the Dutch expert group also visited several typical laboratories, experimental stations and devices at the Institute of Agri. Environment & Sustainable Development and the Institute of Vegetables and Flowers in CAAS. In addition, the group also made wide field survey on greenhouse horticulture production, horticultural product trade markets, modern horticultural gardens, etc, in Glorious Land Agriculture Co., Beijing Chaoda Modern Agriculture Group, Laitai Flower and Plant Trade Center, etc. Through academic exchange and field investigation, both sides have reached common ideas that the Netherlands possess a lot of advanced technologies and China is a huge potential market, so the future prospect for mutual cooperation will be bright and hopeful both in scientific research and commercial activities.
(Correspondent: Yan-fang Yin)